News Highlight
India ranked 132 out of 191 countries in the United Nations Human Development Index 2021-22, released on September 8, 2022.
Key Takeaway
- Last year, India ranked 131.
- Switzerland is the top ranked country.
- A combination of the COVID-19 pandemic, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and climate crises has dragged down the human development score in 90 per cent of the countries, according to the report.
Human Development Index
- The Human development index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall accomplishment in its social and economic dimensions.
- It is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- The measure was created by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen, two renowned economists from Pakistan and India.
Dimensions of the Human Development Index
- A Long and Healthy Life:
- Life expectancy at birth is used to calculate the dimension of a long and healthy life.
- Life expectancy at birth is a statistical measure of how long an average person is expected to live based on demographic factors such as birth year and current age.
- Education:
- The HDI’s second dimension is education.
- The expected years of schooling and the mean years of schooling are the education indicators.
- According to the United Nations, the average maximum number of years of schooling is 18 years, while the mean maximum number of years of schooling is 15 years.
- Standard of Living:
- Gross National Income (GNI) per capita is commonly used to assess the standard of living.
- The GNP measures the total domestic and foreign output generated by a country’s residents.
Pic Courtesy: The Economic Times
Content Source: The Hindu