Key Takeaways
- National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) released by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
About National Family Health Survey ( NFHS – 5)
Key Findings from NFHS-5 Compared to NFHS-4 (2015-16)
- Total Fertility Rate
- Between NFHS-4 and 5, the total fertility rate (TFR), the average number of children per woman, dropped from 2.2 to 2.0 at the national level.
- Only five Indian states have fertility levels above the replacement level of 2.1.
- Bihar (2.98), Meghalaya (2.91), Uttar Pradesh (2.35), Jharkhand (2.26) and Manipur (2.17) are the states .
- Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR)
- The country’s overall contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has risen significantly from 54 percent to 67 percent. In practically all States/UTs, the use of modern contraception has also increased.
- The percentage of people who have unmet family planning requirements has dropped from 13% to 9%.
- The unmet need for space, which was formerly a huge concern in India, has now decreased to less than 10%.
- Antenatal Care Visit (ANC visit)
- Between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5, the percentage of pregnant women who had an ANC visit in the first trimester climbed from 59 to 70%.
- Most states had increases, with Nagaland seeing the largest gain of 25 percentage points, followed by Madhya Pradesh and Haryana. Goa, Sikkim, Punjab, and Chhattisgarh, on the other hand, saw a slight drop in first trimester ANC visits.
- At the national level, 4+ ANC has improved significantly from 51 percent in 2015-16 to 58 percent in 2019-21.
- Institutional Births
- In India, institutional births have climbed from 79 percent to 89 percent.
- Around 87 percent of births in rural areas and 94 percent in metropolitan areas are delivered in institutions.
- Arunachal Pradesh had the highest growth of 27 percentage points, followed by Assam, Bihar, Meghalaya, Chhattisgarh, Nagaland, Manipur, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal, all of which had increases of over 10 percentage points.
- In the last five years, more than 70% of births occurred in health facilities in over 91 percent of districts.
- Immunization of Children
- More than three-quarters (77%) of children aged 12-23 months were fully vaccinated in NFHS-5, compared to 62% in NFHS-4.
- In Nagaland, full immunization coverage among youngsters ranges from 57 percent to 95 percent.
- Odisha (91%) is the state with the highest immunization coverage, followed by Tamil Nadu (89%) and West Bengal (88%).
- Stunting and Obesity
- Since the last four years, India’s stunting rate has dropped from 38 to 36 percent among children under the age of five.
- In 2019-21, stunting is more common among children in rural areas (37%) than in urban areas (30%).
- Stunting varies greatly, with the lowest percentage (20%) in Puducherry and the greatest in Meghalaya (47 percent ).
- Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Sikkim (7 percentage points each), Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Manipur (6 percentage points each), and Chandigarh and Bihar (6 percentage points each) saw significant reductions in stunting (5 percentage points each).
- In most States/UTs, the prevalence of overweight or obesity has grown in NFHS-5 compared to NFHS-4.
- It rises from 21% to 24% among women and 19% to 23% among men at the national level.
- In Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Sikkim, Manipur, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Punjab, Chandigarh, and Lakshadweep, more than a third of women (34-46 percent) are overweight or obese.
- Improvement in SDG indicators
- In all States/UTs, NFHS-5 demonstrates an overall improvement in SDG measures.
- Married women’s participation in three home decisions (regarding her own health care, important household purchases, and visits to her family or relatives) ranges from 80 percent in Ladakh to 99 percent in Nagaland and Mizoram, indicating that their participation in decision-making is substantial.
- The gap between rural (77%) and urban (81%) is found to be minor. In the previous four years, the percentage of women who have a bank or savings account has risen from 53 to 79 percent.
- Sanitation
- The usage of clean cooking fuel (44 percent to 59 percent) and enhanced sanitation facilities (49 percent to 70 percent), including a hand-washing facility with soap and water (60 percent to 78 percent), have improved significantly between NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
- The Swachh Bharat Mission programme may be responsible for a significant increase in the proportion of homes with upgraded sanitation facilities.
Pic Courtesy : The Times of India
Content Source : PIB